mouse fgf21 protein levels  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: Identification of FGF21 ‐inducing rare sugars that reduces sugar appetite in male BL /6 mice

doi: 10.14814/phy2.70618

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of FGF21‐inducing rare sugars and their effects on blood glucose. (a–d) FGF21 level of mouse primary hepatocytes treated for 24 h with vehicle (distilled water‐negative control) or 25 mM D‐glucose, D‐fructose (positive control), or rare sugars (46 samples). n = 3 mice. (e) Plasma FGF21 levels over 24 h after gastric gavage of vehicle (distilled water), D‐glucose, D‐tagatose, D‐allulose, or D‐sorbitol at 5 g/kg in nine‐week‐old male WT mice with ad libitum access to normal chow (NC) diet. n = 4 mice per group. (f) Area under the curve (AUC) over 24 h of data in (e). n = 4 mice per group. (g) Blood glucose levels of the mice receiving the same dose in (e) of either vehicle (distilled water), D‐glucose, D‐tagatose, D‐allulose, or D‐sorbitol after 16 h fasting. n = 4 mice per group. Statistical analyses were done by one‐way ANOVA for (a–d, f) and repeated measures ANOVA for (e, g), followed by Tukey's HSD test. ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Mouse FGF21 protein levels in each plasma sample were determined using a Mouse/Rat FGF‐21 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Negative Control, Positive Control, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: Identification of FGF21 ‐inducing rare sugars that reduces sugar appetite in male BL /6 mice

doi: 10.14814/phy2.70618

Figure Lengend Snippet: FGF21‐inducing rare sugars activated oxytocin neurons of paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in BL/6 mice. (a–e) Immunostaining of mice brain after gastric gavage with either (a) vehicle (distilled water) or 5 g/kg body weight of D‐glucose (b), D‐tagatose (c), D‐allulose (d), or D‐sorbitol (e). Blue arrow ( ) indicates c‐Fos‐positive oxytocin neurons, shown by dark brown spot on the light brown neurons ( ). Magenta arrow ( ) indicates c‐Fos‐negative oxytocin neurons, shown by light brown anti‐oxytocin staining ( ). n = 4 mice per group. Scale bar represents 100 μ m. (f) Percentage of activated oxytocin neurons (c‐Fos positive oxytocin neurons) from the total of PVH oxytocin neurons in the mice receiving either vehicle (distilled water), D‐glucose, or FGF21‐inducing rare sugars in (a–e). Data are presented as box‐whiskers in (f), where the middle line represents median, bottom/ top edges represent 25th/75th percentile of the data, and whiskers represent maximum and minimum value of the data. Statistical analyses were done by one‐way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett's test.

Article Snippet: Mouse FGF21 protein levels in each plasma sample were determined using a Mouse/Rat FGF‐21 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Staining

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: Identification of FGF21 ‐inducing rare sugars that reduces sugar appetite in male BL /6 mice

doi: 10.14814/phy2.70618

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intragastric administration of FGF21‐inducing rare sugars reduced sucrose preference in BL/6 mice. (a–c) 50 mM sucrose intake in mice receiving 5 g/kg body weight of D‐allulose (a), D‐tagatose (b), or D‐sorbitol (c). (d–f) sucrose preference of the same mice in (a–c). n = 10 mice per group for (a, d) and n = 5 mice per group for (b, c, e, f). Data are presented as box‐whiskers, where the middle line represents the median, bottom/top edges represent the 25th/75th percentile of the data, and whiskers represent the maximum and minimum value of the data. Statistical analyses were done by Student's paired t ‐test between “pre” and “post” of each treatment.

Article Snippet: Mouse FGF21 protein levels in each plasma sample were determined using a Mouse/Rat FGF‐21 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: Identification of FGF21 ‐inducing rare sugars that reduces sugar appetite in male BL /6 mice

doi: 10.14814/phy2.70618

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mixing FGF21‐inducing rare sugars into sucrose solution reduced solution intake and preference in BL/6 mice. (a–c) Intake of 100 mM (final concentration) sucrose solution that was mixed with either vehicle (distilled water), 600 mM (final concentration) of D‐glucose, or 600 mM (final concentration) of D‐allulose (a), D‐tagatose (b), or D‐sorbitol (c). (d–f) Sucrose preference of the same mice in (a–c). n = 6 mice per group. Data are presented as box‐whiskers, where the middle line represents the median, bottom/top edges represent the 25th/75th percentile of the data, and whiskers represent the maximum and minimum value of the data. Statistical analyses were done by repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Tukey's HSD test.

Article Snippet: Mouse FGF21 protein levels in each plasma sample were determined using a Mouse/Rat FGF‐21 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation

Article Title: Peripherally derived FGF21 promotes remyelination in the central nervous system

doi: 10.1172/jci94337

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. FGF21 secreted from pancreas induces OPC proliferation. (A) Quantitations of Fgf21 mRNA (left) and FGF21 protein (right) in individual organs of intact mice (n = 9); **P < 0.01. (B) Representative images of FGF21-immunolabeled pancreas of intact mice (n = 3). (C) Double IHC staining for FGF21 with the indicated cell markers in the pancreas of adult mice (n = 3). (D) BrdU incorporation in mouse OPCs after stimulation with serum from mice with FGF21 knockdown in the pancreas (n = 4); *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, as determined by ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Error bars represent SEM. Scale bars: 50 μm (B); 10 μm (C).

Article Snippet: FGF21 levels in mouse serum or tissue lysates were examined using a Mouse/Rat FGF21 Quantikine ELISA (R&D Systems).

Techniques: Immunolabeling, Immunohistochemistry, BrdU Incorporation Assay, Knockdown

Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation

Article Title: Peripherally derived FGF21 promotes remyelination in the central nervous system

doi: 10.1172/jci94337

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. FGF21 promotes human OPC proliferation. (A) Representative image of β-klotho expression in an autopsied sample from healthy patient and a patient with multiple sclerosis. Graphs show quantitations as indicated in the images (n = 4 for healthy patients, 3 for multiple sclerosis patients); **P < 0.01. (B) BrdU incorporation in human OPCs after stimulation with recombinant FGF21 (n = 6 for control, 4 for FGF21); *P < 0.05 as determined by Student’s t test. Error bars represent SEM. Scale bar: 20 μm.

Article Snippet: FGF21 levels in mouse serum or tissue lysates were examined using a Mouse/Rat FGF21 Quantikine ELISA (R&D Systems).

Techniques: Expressing, BrdU Incorporation Assay, Recombinant, Control

Journal: Endocrinology

Article Title: Hepatic CREB3L3 controls whole-body energy homeostasis and improves obesity and diabetes.

doi: 10.1210/en.2014-1113

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Ablation of Creb3l3 mice suppresses PPAR activities. A–C, Eight-week-old male WT and Creb3l3 knockout (Creb3l3/) mice after 24 hours of fasting; n 4–8 per group. Plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and -OH butyrate levels (A), hepatic gene expression (B), and plasma FGF21 and IGFBP2 levels (C) in these mice. D and E, Eight-week-old male WT and Creb3l3/ mice were treated with the PPAR agonist fenofibrate (Feno) (0.2%) for 6 days; n 4–11 per group. Samples were collected in the fed state. D, Gene expression in livers of these mice, as estimated using real-time PCR. E, Plasma lipid levels. *, P .05; **, P .01.

Article Snippet: Plasma FGF21 levels were measured using mouse FGF21 Quantikine ELISA (R&D Systems).

Techniques: Knock-Out, Clinical Proteomics, Gene Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Endocrinology

Article Title: Hepatic CREB3L3 controls whole-body energy homeostasis and improves obesity and diabetes.

doi: 10.1210/en.2014-1113

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. CREB3L3 reduces BW and fat weight by inducing Fgf21 expression. A–D, Eight-week- old male WT mice were infected with adenovirus (2.5 107 PFU/g BW each) in combination with GFP, CREB3L3, LacZ RNAi (LacZi), or Fgf21 RNAi (Fgf21i) and fed normal chow for 6 days (n 4 per group). Double infections were performed using a total amount of 5 107 PFU/g BW; all infection amounts were corrected using GFP or LacZi adenovirus. Samples were collected in the fed state. A, Gene expression in livers from mice in the fed state. B, BW changes in mice infected with the indicated adenovirus on the indicated day after adenovirus injection. Lean mass, fat mass, and fat percentage as estimated by x-ray computed tomography (CT) (C) and plasma glucose levels (D) in mice in the fed state. *, P .05; **, P .01.

Article Snippet: Plasma FGF21 levels were measured using mouse FGF21 Quantikine ELISA (R&D Systems).

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Gene Expression, Injection, Computed Tomography, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Endocrinology

Article Title: Hepatic CREB3L3 controls whole-body energy homeostasis and improves obesity and diabetes.

doi: 10.1210/en.2014-1113

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 8. Effects of CREB3L3 on diabetic model mice. A–D, Six-week-old male WT mice were fed HF-HS diets for 8 weeks and then infected with adenovirus encoding GFP or the active form of CREB3L3 (CREB3L3). Hepatic gene expression (A), plasma FGF21 levels (B), BW, liver weight/BW, WAT weight/BW, and food intake (C), and plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, NEFA, and glucose levels (D) in these mice in the fed state on day 6 after infection; n 4 per group. E–H, Eight-week-old male db/db mice were infected with adenovirus encoding GFP or CREB3L3. Hepatic gene expression (E), plasma FGF21 levels (F), BW, liver weight/BW, WAT weight/BW, and food intake (G), and plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, NEFA, glucose, and insulin levels (H) in these mice in a fed state 3 days after infection; n 4 per group. I–L, Eight- week-old male ob/ob mice were infected with adenovirus encoding GFP or CREB3L3. Hepatic gene expression (I), plasma FGF21 levels (J), BW, liver weight/BW, WAT weight/BW, and food intake (K), and plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, NEFA, glucose, and insulin levels (L) in these mice in the fed state 4 days after infection; n 4 per group. *, P .05; **, P .01 compared with mice overexpressing GFP.

Article Snippet: Plasma FGF21 levels were measured using mouse FGF21 Quantikine ELISA (R&D Systems).

Techniques: Infection, Gene Expression, Clinical Proteomics